Impact of COVID-19 on non-communicable disease management services at selected government health centers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Background: The global pandemic of COVID-19 forced the world to divert resources and asked the public to shelter-in-place, so the diagnosis surveillance system and management of non-communicable diseases has become more challenging. Objective: To identify the impact of COVID-19 on non-communicable diseases management services at government health centers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods: Health facility based cross-sectional study was conducted from August to September 2020. A total of 30 health centers were included in this study. Bivariate and multiple logistic regression models were used to assess association between the outcome and independent variables Results: The majority, 24 (80%), of the study participants perceived that the COVID-19 pandemic severely disrupted the non-communicable disease management services. There was a statistically significant association between a decrease in outpatient volume at non communicable disease (NCD) management services (25 (83.3%), P-value: 0.006), closure of population level screening programs of NCDs (22 (73.3%), P-value: 0.007), and closure of disease specific NCD clinics and the occurrence of the COVID-19 pandemic (23 (76.7%), P-value: 0.013). Conclusion: The most critical health-care services for non-communicable diseases management were severely disrupted by the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, during public health emergencies, policymakers should ensure continuation of critical clinical services and inform the public about proper service utilization

Burden of tuberculosis among students in two Ethiopian universities

Aims/Purpose: TB outbreaks emerge occasionally in long-term care facilities, including various educational establishments. This study was designed to determine the five years overall prevalence and trend of tuberculosis and associated factors among students at Adama Science and Technology University and Addis Ababa University 6 kilo campus.Methods: A five years retrospective study was conducted on students' medical records from TB Directly Observed Treatment Short Course (DOTS) clinics. The overall prevalence and the trend of smear positive, smear negative and extra pulmonary TB cases were determined. Odds ratio with 95 percent C.I was calculated using the Logistic Regression model. Furthermore, an in-depth assessment of AFB sputum smear examination practices of the lab staffs were conducted using the WHO's standard checklist.Results: A total of 112 and 263 TB cases were recorded in Addis Ababa University (AAU), 6 kilo campus and Adama Science and Technology University (ASTU), respectively. There was a statistically significant difference in prevalence of TB among students in ASTU compared to that in AAU, 6 kilo campus [AOR: 2.881, 95% CI (1.76-4.71)]. An in-depth interview with the respective University Clinic lab chiefs indicated that the University labs were not linked with the national tuberculosis program and hence quality of sputum smear microscopy examination practices in both study Universities were found to be poor. Conclusions: The numbers of tuberculosis cases observed in this study were high. Governmental and Nongovernmental agencies involved in TB control must consider higher education institutions as focal points for prevention and elimination of tuberculosis in Ethiopia